Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by the presence of recurring, intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses known as obsessions. These obsessions are typically recognized as products of one's own mind and are often inappropriate and excessive. Individuals with OCD often feel compelled to perform repetitive behaviors or rituals known as compulsions to alleviate the associated anxiety or to prevent a feared situation from occurring. Obsessions and compulsions can be extremely distressing and may seem impossible to control.

 

Notably, compulsions offer only temporary relief and can be both time-consuming, often lasting over an hour a day, and significantly interfere with daily functioning. Refraining from performing these compulsions can lead to overwhelming anxiety. Some common examples of obsessions include concerns about contamination or harm, the need for symmetry or exactness, and forbidden sexual or religious thoughts. Typical compulsive behaviors include repetitive washing, checking, re-arranging things, counting, and hoarding. Some individuals may also have mental compulsions, such as silently praying repetitively in response to intrusive obsessive thoughts.

 

In Singapore, OCD is estimated to affect approximately 3 out of every 100 people at some point in their lifetime. It is particularly prevalent among adolescents, with an average age of onset around 19 years. While the exact cause of OCD remains unknown, it is believed that altered brain biochemistry and genetic factors may contribute to its development.